AStudent participation(参与)in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses．Some professors base part of the final grade on the student’s oral participation．Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role(i．e．，listening taking notes)，many courses are organized around classroom discussions，student questions，informal lectures．In graduate discussions the professor has a"manager"role the students make presentations lead discussions．The students do the actual teaching in these discussions． A professor’s teaching method is another factor(因素)that determines the degree type of student participation．Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without controlling it．Many professors encourage students to question their ideas．Students who object to the professor’s point of view should be prepared to prove their positions． In the teaching of science mathematics，tlle controlling mode of instruction is generally traditional，with teachers presenting formal lectures students taking notes．However，new educational trends have turned up in the humanities social sciences in the past twenty years．Students in education，society，history classes.for example，are often required to solve problems in groups，design projects，make presentations，examine case studies．Since some college or university courses are “practical”rather than theoretical．they pay more attention to“doing”for themselves． 47.“Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student”in many courses except in____． 查看材料A.science mathematics
