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[单选题]
The average temperature of this winter is very low, which is only degrees ______ zero.(1分)
A
up
B
at
C
on
D
above
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试题答案：
D
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Since your supervisor has____ the time for a talk with you, you must make sure that you will be there on time.
Translation( 20 points) Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate the underlined sentences marked from 51-55 into Chinese.You should write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
1.Friction is a force which opposes motion. Much of the energy supplied to a complicated machine with many moving parts is wasted in overcoming this opposition. The energy is converted into useless heat. The amount thus lost can be considerably reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by careful lubrication. This reduction improves the efficiency of the machine. Another way in which friction is reduced is to substitute roller or ball bearings for the earlier type of bearing, in which the surfaces in contact move by sliding. Bearings of these later types are used very extensively in many kinds of modern machinery.It must not be assumed, however, that friction is always a disadvantage. In many instances it is highly important. Belts are often used in conveying power from one machine to another. In the absence of friction, this could not be done. The driving wheel would not run the belt, neither would the belt run the wheel to driver. Without friction, then, belted machinery could not be used. Again in the case of all motor vehicles, friction is essential in the operation of the brake. Were there no friction, there could be no brake. But even this illustration does not give an adequate picture of the importance of friction. The vehicle could not even be started if it were not for the friction exerted between the tires and the road. Nails hold in wood, and screws hold in either wood or metal by reason of friction, without which they would be useless. Walking is difficult enough on an icy pavement, but it would be wholly impossible if there were no friction at all between the shoe and the pavement.(5分)1.1 Friction arises when____.(1分)A. an opposing force of motion exists B. the energy is wastedC. everything is motionlessD. a complicated machine is supplied with energy
In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words_____.(1分)
21.2 According to the author, manufacturers ________.
8. (A)needed (B)cost (C)spend (D)used
23.5 This passage can be put into the column of “____”.
People here are really nice and____. They invite you to their homes for Sunday dinner.
She is____ to go on with the experiment in spite of the great difficulties.
3.In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thinks as humans do. In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions, if the computer were successful; the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers.Inspired by Turing's theory, the first conference on AI convened at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire in 1956. Soon afterwards an AI laboratory was started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, two of the nation's leading AI proponents. McCarthy also invented the AI computer language, Lisp; but by the early 1990s AI itself had not been achieved. However, logic programs called expert systems allow computers to "make, decisions" by interpreting data and selecting from among alternatives. Technicians can run programs used in complex medical diagnosis, language translation, mineral exploration, and even computer design.Machinery can outperform humans physically. So, too, can computers outperform mental functions in limited areas--notably in the speed of mathematical calculations. For example, the fastest computers developed are able to perform roughly 10 billion calculations per second. But making more powerful computers will probably not be the way to create a machine capable of passing the Turing test. Computer programs operate according to set procedures, or logic steps, called algorithms (算法). In addition, most computers do serial processing: operations of recognition and computation are performed one at a time. The brain works in a manner called parallel processing, performing operations simultaneously. To achieve simulated (模拟) parallel processing, some supercomputers have been made with multiple processors to follow several algorithms at the same time.Critics of this approach insist that solving a computation does not indicate understanding, something a person who solved a problem would have. Human reasoning is not based solely on rules of logic. It involves perception, awareness, emotional preferences, values, evaluating experience, the ability to generalize and weigh options, and more. Some proponents of A1 have, therefore, suggested that computers should be patterned after the human brain, which essentially consists of a network of nerve cells.By the early 1990s, the closest approximation to AI was a special silicon chip built to behave like a human brain cell. It was modeled after the internal workings of neurons in the human cerebral context. Unlike the conventional silicon ship, which works in digital mode, the new silicon chip works in analog mode, much the way a human brain cell works.(5分)3.1 According to Turing, a computer can prove to have human-like intelligence in a special test if____(1分)A. the computer gives better answersB. the questioner fails to give identical questionsC. the questioner can't tell between the answers of a person and a computer D. The questioner can't find the person hidden by the computer
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