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24.4 What has caused a big problem for Americans?(2分)
A
new kind of car
B
Public transportation
C
The gas shortage
D
Poor people
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C
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21. Today we remember a man who was considered one of the best teachers in the United States. Jaime Alfonso Escalante was born in 1930 in La Paz, Bolivia. Both his parents were teachers. He taught math and science in his home country for twelve years. In the 1960s, Jaime Escalante and his wife Fabiola came to the United States. During the next several years, he learned to speak English and repeated his college education and teacher training. In 1974, Mr. Escalante was hired at GarfieldHigh School to teach mathematics. The school was in a poor area of Los Angeles, California. Many of the students had serious problems with illegal drugs, gangs and violence. Many were the worst students at the school and thought to be “unteachable”. But Mr. Escalante pushed the group to work hard. He told them basic math was too easy and that they had the ability to do harder work. He told his students that he believed in them, but they must have the desire to be successful. Jaime Escalante started an advanced math program with a small group of students. Advanced Placement is a program of college-level classes and tests. In 1982, 18 of his students took the Advanced Placement test in calculus. They all passed. Officials at the testing company suspected the students of cheating. Mr. Escalante protested. He said the students were being rejected because they were Hispanic and from a poor school. He urged his students to take the test again. Twelve of the students repeated the test. And again, all of them passed. Five earned top scores. Mr. Escalante's students went on to become engineers, scientists and university professors. The advanced math program at Garfield became extremely successful over the next several years. Jaime Escalante received many teaching awards including the Presidential Medal of Excellence in Education. A movie about his success, “Stand and Deliver”, was released in nineteen eighty-eight. It influenced other teachers to use his methods.(10分)21.1 What did Mr. Escalante do after he came to the US?(2分)A. He taught math and science in a local school.B. He went to a college to learn calculus.C. He learned to speak English and got trained on teaching.D. He started an advanced math program in a college.
39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tree found in British Columbia?____
The detectives took off their____ and put on plain clothes before they set out.
With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers____ before their time.
Not even a word _______ about his past.(1分)
The farmer started early ______ he should miss the six o’clock train.(1分)
Movie directors use music to____ the action on the screen.
21.2 The school at which Mr. Escalante taught in the US locates____.(2分)
3.In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thinks as humans do. In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions, if the computer were successful; the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers.Inspired by Turing's theory, the first conference on AI convened at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire in 1956. Soon afterwards an AI laboratory was started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, two of the nation's leading AI proponents. McCarthy also invented the AI computer language, Lisp; but by the early 1990s AI itself had not been achieved. However, logic programs called expert systems allow computers to "make, decisions" by interpreting data and selecting from among alternatives. Technicians can run programs used in complex medical diagnosis, language translation, mineral exploration, and even computer design.Machinery can outperform humans physically. So, too, can computers outperform mental functions in limited areas--notably in the speed of mathematical calculations. For example, the fastest computers developed are able to perform roughly 10 billion calculations per second. But making more powerful computers will probably not be the way to create a machine capable of passing the Turing test. Computer programs operate according to set procedures, or logic steps, called algorithms (算法). In addition, most computers do serial processing: operations of recognition and computation are performed one at a time. The brain works in a manner called parallel processing, performing operations simultaneously. To achieve simulated (模拟) parallel processing, some supercomputers have been made with multiple processors to follow several algorithms at the same time.Critics of this approach insist that solving a computation does not indicate understanding, something a person who solved a problem would have. Human reasoning is not based solely on rules of logic. It involves perception, awareness, emotional preferences, values, evaluating experience, the ability to generalize and weigh options, and more. Some proponents of A1 have, therefore, suggested that computers should be patterned after the human brain, which essentially consists of a network of nerve cells.By the early 1990s, the closest approximation to AI was a special silicon chip built to behave like a human brain cell. It was modeled after the internal workings of neurons in the human cerebral context. Unlike the conventional silicon ship, which works in digital mode, the new silicon chip works in analog mode, much the way a human brain cell works.(5分)3.1 According to Turing, a computer can prove to have human-like intelligence in a special test if____(1分)A. the computer gives better answersB. the questioner fails to give identical questionsC. the questioner can't tell between the answers of a person and a computer D. The questioner can't find the person hidden by the computer
These three teachers vary _____their manner of teaching.
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