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22.3 What may have been used to define a city in the past?(2分)
A
Walls.
B
Territories.
C
Suburbs.
D
Boundaries.
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A
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21. No one knows why we sleep, but it’s certain that we need to. People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effect after a few days --- they think less clearly, and they fall asleep during the working hours. Some may have hallucinations (幻觉).There are no rules about sleep. Generally speaking, grown-ups sleep about seven and a half hours each night and probably more than 60 percent get between seven and eight hours. But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with five hours or less, and four percent or so find that they want ten hours or more. If you feel all right, you’re probably getting enough sleep. The important thing is not to worry how much other people get --- their needs may be different. Exercise doesn’t seem to increase the need for sleep, office workers, for example, sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work.Children sleep more than grown-ups --- perhaps fourteen to eighteen hours soon after birth, going down to grown-up levels by early teen-age. Sleep patterns also tend to be different in the elderly, who may sleep less at night than they did when younger. They find sleep getting more broken, and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime.(10分)21.1 According to the passage, some people are unable to think clearly because ________.(2分)A. they have hallucinationsB. they sleep for too many hoursC. they don’t have enough sleep D. they feel sleepy during the working hours
23.2 By saying “it can also be misapplied”(Par 1),the author means .(2分)
Passage ThreeWhat exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feeling by reminding him of this.Is this really a lie?Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying.According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie".For instance, when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress, she really thinks it looks awful.However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying "I wish I were somewhere else now" .They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man-watching calls "the mouth cover". He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting the hand at one side of the mouth.Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.31.According to the passage, a "white lie" seems to be a lie ( ).A.that other people believeB.that other people don't believeC.told in order to avoid offending someoneD.told in order to take advantage of someone
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21. Today we remember a man who was considered one of the best teachers in the United States. Jaime Alfonso Escalante was born in 1930 in La Paz, Bolivia. Both his parents were teachers. He taught math and science in his home country for twelve years. In the 1960s, Jaime Escalante and his wife Fabiola came to the United States. During the next several years, he learned to speak English and repeated his college education and teacher training. In 1974, Mr. Escalante was hired at GarfieldHigh School to teach mathematics. The school was in a poor area of Los Angeles, California. Many of the students had serious problems with illegal drugs, gangs and violence. Many were the worst students at the school and thought to be “unteachable”. But Mr. Escalante pushed the group to work hard. He told them basic math was too easy and that they had the ability to do harder work. He told his students that he believed in them, but they must have the desire to be successful. Jaime Escalante started an advanced math program with a small group of students. Advanced Placement is a program of college-level classes and tests. In 1982, 18 of his students took the Advanced Placement test in calculus. They all passed. Officials at the testing company suspected the students of cheating. Mr. Escalante protested. He said the students were being rejected because they were Hispanic and from a poor school. He urged his students to take the test again. Twelve of the students repeated the test. And again, all of them passed. Five earned top scores. Mr. Escalante's students went on to become engineers, scientists and university professors. The advanced math program at Garfield became extremely successful over the next several years. Jaime Escalante received many teaching awards including the Presidential Medal of Excellence in Education. A movie about his success, “Stand and Deliver”, was released in nineteen eighty-eight. It influenced other teachers to use his methods.(10分)21.1 What did Mr. Escalante do after he came to the US?(2分)A. He taught math and science in a local school.B. He went to a college to learn calculus.C. He learned to speak English and got trained on teaching.D. He started an advanced math program in a college.
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21.3 According to the passage, all of the following groups of children can become students of special education EXCEPT____.
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