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一、单项选择题(本大题共 30 小题，每小题 1 分，共 30 分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选 或未选均无分。 1．19 世纪初，大肆向中国走私鸦片的国家是
A
A．美国 B．英国 C．日本 D．俄国
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B
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二、多项选择题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多 选、少选或未选均无分。 31．1902 年至 1911 年，在我国发生的爱国运动主要有
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1.
32．下列各项属于实践的基本特点的有（ ）
2.
36.马克思说：“忧心忡忡的、贫穷的人对最美丽的景色都没有什么感觉；经营矿物的商人只看到矿物的商业价值，而看不到矿物的美和独特性……”根据这段话，论述审美经验的非功利性。
3.
在我国，决定省、自治区、直辖市的范围内部分地区戒严的机关是()。
4.
22. Man lives in communities. His social existence restricts his flexibility in certain directions and extends it in others. Society imposes on him some limitations. People do not all engage in the same activities. They can be differentiated from each other by the functions they perform. This process of differentiation is called specialization. Specialization prevents many members of an industrial society from developing intelligence and initiative. However, some careers in these societies demand a high degree of intelligence and initiative. And there are some aspects of human society itself which encourage the development of such powers, indeed extend them beyond a point which can be attained by animals or animal communities lacking the features which human society uniquely possesses.Western-type democracies often claim that they provide "equality of opportunity" for all their citizens. At first sight it might seem that this implies the same chance for everyone of succeeding in his preferred occupation provided he is conscious of his goal and is willing to work hard; in other words, a situation in which rewards depend only on desire and effort. What the phrase actually implies is, of course, something rather different -- namely a competitive situation in which the number of competitors exceeds the number of rewards, though all competitors have the same "chance" because they all start the race from the same base line. However, it is only in theory that they all start equal. Even if the state offers them free education and protects them from hunger or extreme poverty, many citizens are disadvantaged in practice by their background, their upbringing, and probably other factors such as their sex or color. A process of invisible or hidden selection goes on which has very little to do with "equality of opportunity" in any sense. It is not the individual who selects his job; it is the system of society with its specialized requirements which selects the individuals who fit its requirements.(10分)22.1 Specialization is necessary because____.A. man is not as capable as machines in doing some thingsB. few people can develop all-round skillsC. different social members take part in different activitiesD. more and more machines are taking the place of men
5.
根据竞争的作用方式，可将竞争区分为干扰竞争和 两种类型。
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