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[多选题]24.与货币需求呈负相关的因素是
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14.注图Z10@@
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太平天国起义的发生和失败表明（ ）
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4. Present pension structures no longer work. They were established in a more youthful period with relatively few older people who were often poor and iii, and generally spent only a short time in retirement. In rich countries today, older people are often well-off and in good health, and are spending around 20 years in retirement. Therefore there is the need for reform.This survey has presented the arguments for more private funding and for fairer pensions. Such changes will create motives for individuals to take charge of their own retirement needs rather than leaving the task to the state. This, in turn, will make the provision of public pensions more afford- able.Even so, the state will continue to play a leading role in pensions. At a minimum, governments must offer a safety net, probably in the form of a defined benefit financed through taxation, for people who for some reason have not been able to provide for themselves and who would otherwise be miserable in old age. More broadly, there is a case for the state to offer a slimmed-down pay-as-you-go pension system, although as far as possible this should be organized along defined-contributions lines. Such provision widens the range of assets to include human capital because the effective return comes from total wages, and offers a safe if low return.Governments also have to create a suitable framework for effective private pensions. Administrative(行政的)expenses have to be tightly controlled, and appropriate tax motives have to be offered to encourage voluntary pension saving. Where the state provides a generous safety net, private-pension saving may have to be made mandatory(强制的), otherwise many people will not bother.So much for the developed countries, but what of the more youthful populations of tile rest of the world? In 1994, the World Bank came down heavily in favor of more funding in private accounts. It thought the state's role should be to provide a smallish first pillar with the limited task of providing protection against old-age poverty, and to command a privately-funded second pillar to provide the bulk of pensions.(5分)4.1 More private funding and fairer pensions____.(1分)A. can urge people to save more private-pensionsB. may be financed through taxC. can lessen the burden of the stateD. can provide more public pensions
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22. Chess must be one of the oldest games in the world. An Arab traveler in India in the year 900 wrote that it was played "long, long ago". Chess was probably invented in India, and it has been played everywhere from Japan to Europe since 1400. The name "chess" is interesting. When one player is attacking the other's king, he says, in English,"check". When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere, he says "check mate". These words come from Persian. "Shah mat" means "the king is dead". That is when the game is over, and one player has won.Such an old game changes very slowly. The rules have not always been the same as they are now. For example, at one time the queen could only move one square at a time. Now she is the strongest piece on the board. It would be interesting to know why this has happened! Chess takes time and thought, but it is game for all kinds of people. You don't have to be a champion in order to enjoy it. It is not always played by two people sitting at the same table. The first time the Americans beat the Russians was in a match played by radio. Some of the chess masters are able to play many people at the same time. The record was when one man played 400 games! It is said that some people play chess by post. This must make chess the slowest game in the world.(10分)22.1 Which of the following is known to be true?____(2分)A. Chess is an old Indian traveling game.B. Chess is the oldest game in the world.C. Chess was played in Japan and Europe before 1400.D. Chess was played in India long before 900.
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中国无产阶级最早诞生于（??）
