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[单选题]
古代朴素唯物主义把世界的本原归结为( )
A
绝对观念
B
客观实在
C
主观精神
D
“原初”物质
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参考答案
试题答案:
D
答案解释:
古代朴素唯物主义把世界的本质或本原归结为某一种或某几种具体的物质形态。即古代朴素唯物主义把世界的本原归结为“原初”物质。答案为D(P37)。
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9.真理的发展是一个 。
商品价格经常与价值不相一致,但并没有违背价值规律,原因是( )A.商品价格波动的中心是价值,价格波动幅度不会偏离价值太远B.从较长期和全社会总体来看,同一种商品价格的上涨部分与下降部分可以抵消,商品的平均价格和价值相一致C.价格始终是由社会必要劳动时间所决定D.价格始终是由商品生产者和销售者所决定
资本主义社会的通货膨胀( )
43.简述资本主义经济危机的根源和典型特征。
剩余价值转化为利润,是由于把剩余价值看作是
14.人类社会的基本矛盾有两对,一对是生产力和生产关系的矛盾,另一对是( )
资本主义的意识形态( )
7.在客观规律面前,人的主观能动性表现在(
10.有人认为只有写到书本上的理论才是真实可靠的,从而不顾实际情况,死搬书本上的教条。这在认识论上犯了类似于( )
43.资本主义经济危机的实质和根源是什么?
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2.
15.概括信息系统的基本结构,对信息系统的主要功能做出约定的数据流程图是
3.
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4.
3.In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thinks as humans do. In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions, if the computer were successful; the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers.Inspired by Turing's theory, the first conference on AI convened at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire in 1956. Soon afterwards an AI laboratory was started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, two of the nation's leading AI proponents. McCarthy also invented the AI computer language, Lisp; but by the early 1990s AI itself had not been achieved. However, logic programs called expert systems allow computers to "make, decisions" by interpreting data and selecting from among alternatives. Technicians can run programs used in complex medical diagnosis, language translation, mineral exploration, and even computer design.Machinery can outperform humans physically. So, too, can computers outperform mental functions in limited areas--notably in the speed of mathematical calculations. For example, the fastest computers developed are able to perform roughly 10 billion calculations per second. But making more powerful computers will probably not be the way to create a machine capable of passing the Turing test. Computer programs operate according to set procedures, or logic steps, called algorithms (算法). In addition, most computers do serial processing: operations of recognition and computation are performed one at a time. The brain works in a manner called parallel processing, performing operations simultaneously. To achieve simulated (模拟) parallel processing, some supercomputers have been made with multiple processors to follow several algorithms at the same time.Critics of this approach insist that solving a computation does not indicate understanding, something a person who solved a problem would have. Human reasoning is not based solely on rules of logic. It involves perception, awareness, emotional preferences, values, evaluating experience, the ability to generalize and weigh options, and more. Some proponents of A1 have, therefore, suggested that computers should be patterned after the human brain, which essentially consists of a network of nerve cells.By the early 1990s, the closest approximation to AI was a special silicon chip built to behave like a human brain cell. It was modeled after the internal workings of neurons in the human cerebral context. Unlike the conventional silicon ship, which works in digital mode, the new silicon chip works in analog mode, much the way a human brain cell works.(5分)3.1 According to Turing, a computer can prove to have human-like intelligence in a special test if____(1分)A. the computer gives better answersB. the questioner fails to give identical questionsC. the questioner can't tell between the answers of a person and a computer D. The questioner can't find the person hidden by the computer
5.
We should not____Any proposalBefore makingACareful study of it.
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